邢台市岩溶水污染现状与演化趋势预测   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

杜文堂  王占辉  冯更辰  李树文  张景森 《中国岩溶》2011,30(3):285-290

由于地表水的污染和固体废物的乱堆放,导致邢台市岩溶水多处出现污染现象,且污染范围不断扩大,严重威胁下游水源地的供水安全。本文依据大量水质监测数据,评价了岩溶水的污染现状,采用数值方法预测了污染源继续存在和污染源得到治理两种情况下地下水污染的演化趋势,并分析了其对水源地的影响。预测结果表明:污染源存在时,地下水污染物Cr6+超标浓度等值线将以0.769m/d的速度扩散;在污染源得到有效治理和控制后,地下水污染物超标浓度等值线扩散速度将减少至0.402m/d,可见污染源治理对减缓地下水污染的扩散有重要作用。预测结果可作为选择地下水保护方案和污染治理措施的依据。   相似文献   

VisualModflow模型在白涧铁矿区矿井涌水量预测中的应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

冯更辰  郝俊杰  谭俊  徐素娟 《中国岩溶》2011,30(3):271-277

在分析确定白涧矿区水文地质边界条件的基础上,运用实测资料对Visu-almodflow模型进行识别和验证,同时修正了含水层的参数,修正后的模型较为可靠,可用于白涧矿区涌水量的预测。依据矿区奥灰含水层边界条件和渗透系数的不同,设计了-200m和-400m水平面不同边界及渗透系数三个方案对矿井的涌水量进行预测。结果表明:方案2的涌水量比较合理,能较真实的反映白涧铁矿矿体分布区水位疏降至-400m时的涌水量情况,预测其涌水量为7505m3/h。   相似文献   

喀斯特山区溪流上覆水—孔隙水—沉积物中不同形态氮的赋存特征及其迁移——以麦西河为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

谢伟芳  夏品华  林陶  张邦喜  詹金星  胡继伟 《中国岩溶》2011,30(1):9-15

选取贵州百花湖入湖支流麦西河为对象,研究了上覆水—孔隙水—沉积物体系氮的形态差异,结果表明:麦西河上覆水中,以硝态氮(NO-3-N)为主,氨态氮(NH+4-N)次之,亚硝态氮(NO-2-N)最低;孔隙水中,溶解无机氮中以NH+4-N为主, NO-3-N次之, NO-2-N最低;沉积物中,总氮(TN)的含量为1110.67～4413.16mg/kg;固定态铵含量为34.56～170.05mg/kg,占TN的1.47%～6.25%;可交换态氮以NH+4-N为主, NO-3-N次之, NO-2-N最低。孔隙水NH+4-N是上覆水NH+4-N的2.65～19.51倍,上覆水NO-3-N是孔隙水NO-3-N的7.14～20.43倍。沉积物TN与孔隙溶解水无机氮(DIN)、孔隙水NH+4-N、沉积物可交换态氮和沉积物可交换性NH+4-N呈显著正相关;在沉积物中,可交换性NO-3-N与可交换性NH+4-N及可交换态氮呈显著正相关,可交换性NH+4-N与可交换态氮呈极显著正相关;孔隙水溶解无机氮与孔隙水NH+4-N呈极显著正相关。麦西河不同介质中氮的迁移关系则表现为:由于浓度梯度,上覆水中的NO-3-N扩散到孔隙水中,进而累积到沉积物中;沉积物的可交换性NH+4-N,进入孔隙水,最终扩散到上覆水中。   相似文献   

贵阳市某岩溶地区地下汽油污染物运移特征分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

罗炳佳 《中国岩溶》2011,30(1):113-118

岩溶地区地质环境脆弱,防污能力差,特别是浅埋藏岩溶发育地区,地下水具有易污染性。本文以贵阳市某加油站10年前发生的油灌泄漏污染为例,分析了汽油污染物在岩溶水中的运移特征。调查结果表明(1)汽油污染物运移受包气带的岩性、结构、厚度以及地形坡度、地下水流速等的影响,主要沿岩溶管道、基岩面、裂隙运移;(2)汽油污染物优先在断裂、裂隙、溶缝、溶洞等通道中迁移扩散,以侧向运移为主,垂向次之;(3)有机污染物除了随地下水流动而迁移外,还会发生弥散作用,在基岩隆起部位或地形较高部位,这种现象更为明显;(4)受限于红粘土本身对污染物的拦截吸附作用,污染物向上浸染扩散程度并不高,只有最靠近基岩面的那一部分才会遭受油类污染物的浸染;(5)汽油污染物长期着在岩溶管道壁、岩溶裂隙、土岩接触面上,具有难迁移、难消除的特点。   相似文献   

基于离差加权的煤矿突水水源判别模型及应用     

潘婧  钱家忠  马雷 《煤田地质与勘探》2010,38(1):54-57

矿井突(涌)水水源的快速识别是矿井水害有效防治的前提条件。针对应用模糊综合评判方法解决水源判别常用的"超标加权法"和"偏标加权法"确定判别因子的权重系数方面存在的不足,结合方差分析中的离差分解法,提出了矿井突水水源判别权重系数确定的离差加权法;利用SPSS软件,并以淮南潘三矿为例,对上述3种模型进行对比分析研究。结果表明:基于离差加权的模糊综合评判能够有效的判别突水水源,比"超标加权法"和"偏标加权法"有更高的判别率;基于离差加权的模糊综合评判具有原理清晰、结构简单、运算量小、更为合理等优点,适合快速识别水源,为矿井水害防治提供了一种辅助决策手段。   相似文献   

Assessment of point and nonpoint sources pollution in Songhua River Basin,Northeast China by using revised water quality model   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

Yuhong Yang  Baixing Yan  Wanbin Shen 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(1):30-36

Individual participation of pollutants in the pollution load should be estimated even if roughly for the appropriate environmental management of a river basin. It is difficult to identify the sources and to quantify the load, especially in modeling nonpoint source. In this study a revised model was established by integrating point and nonpoint sources into one-dimensional Streeter-Phelps (S-P) model on the basis of real-time hydrologic data and surface water quality monitoring data in the Jilin Reach of the Songhua River Basin. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH_3-N) loads were estimated. Results showed that COD loads of point source and nonpoint source were 134 958 t/yr and 86 209 t/yr, accounting for 61.02% and 38.98% of total loads, respectively. NH_3-N loads of point source and nonpoint source were 16 739 t/yr and 14 272 t/yr, accounting for 53.98% and 46.02%, respectively. Point source pollution was stronger than nonpoint source pollution in the study area at present. The water quality of upstream was better than that of downstream of the rivers and cities. It is indispensable to treat industrial wastewater and municipal sewage out of point sources, to adopt the best management practices to control diffuse pollutants from agricultural land and urban surface runoff in improving water quality of the Songhua River Basin. The revised S-P model can be successfully used to identify pollution source and quantify point source and nonpoint source loads by calibrating and validating.  相似文献   

Response of regeneration diversity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carex Lasiocarpa</Emphasis> community to different water levels in Sanjiang Plain,China     

Li Wang  Changchun Song  Jinming Hu  Tao Yang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(1):37-42

The species diversity at the regeneration stage, inflenced by different water levels, is important for community composition in the later growing season. Regeneration diversity of Carex lasiocarpa community under different water levels was studied at two stages, recruitment and adult, in the Sanjiang Plain, Heilongjiang Province, China. The results showed that, at the two growing stages, important value of C. lasiocarpa population and species richness of the community decreased with the increasing water level, while the Simpson and Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes and Pielou evenness index increased. Under different water levels, community diversities were higher at the recruitment stage, while population important values of C. lasiocarpa were higher at the adult stage. Indexes in vegetation evaluation must be chosen prudentially for successful restoration and effective management of wetlands, and especially for wetland restoration, the optimal time should be selected according to the restoration objectives and costs.  相似文献   

Vegetation change of ecotone in west of Northeast China plain using time-series remote sensing data   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Fang Huang  Ping Wang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(2):167-175

Multi-temporal series of satellite SPOT-VEGETATION normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) data from 1998 to 2007 were used for analyzing vegetation change of the ecotone in the west of the Northeast China Plain. The yearly and monthly maximal values,anomalies and change rates of NDVI and NDWI were calculated to reveal the interannual and seasonal changes in vegetation cover and vegetation water content. Linear regression method was adopted to characterize the trends in vegetation change. The yearly maximal NDVI decreased from 0.41 in 1998 to 0.37 in 2007,implying the decreasing trend of vegetation activity. There was a significant decrease of maximal NDVI in spring and summer over the study period,while an increase trend was observed in autumn. The vegetation-improved regions and vegetation-degraded regions occupied 17.03% and 20.30% of the study area,respectively. The maximal NDWI over growing season dropped by 0.027 in 1998–2007,and about 15.15% of the study area showed a decreasing trend of water content. Vegetation water stress in autumn was better than that in spring. Vegetation cover and water content variations were sensitive to annual precipitation,autumn precipitation and summer temperature. The vegetation degradation trend in this ecotone might be induced by the warm-drying climate especially continuous spring and summer drought in the recent ten years.  相似文献   

基于熵变加权法的水安全综合指数评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丁恒康  李祚泳  汪嘉杨 《成都信息工程学院学报》2010,25(3):312-316

为了构建水安全综合评价的模型,采用熵变加权法对水安全评价体系的各子系统进行赋权,得到水安全的综合评价指数公式。将方法应用于山东省区域水资源安全评价,并与其它方法的评价结果进行了比较分析。结果表明：基于熵变加权法的水安全综合指数能反映出样本与评价标准之间的远近程度,并且可以同时评价多个样本;熵变加权法的应用减少了评价的主观性,使评价结果客观、合理,具有良好的实用性。  相似文献   

面向对象的极高海拔区水体及冰川信息提取——以珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区核心区为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张继平  刘林山  张镱锂  聂勇  张学儒  张琴琴 《地球信息科学学报》2010,12(4):517-523

极高海拔地区多为河流发源、冰川发育地,由于地形起伏强烈,且野外考察验证工作困难,传统的遥感信息提取方法很难保证该地区水体及冰川的提取精度。本文基于ASTER影像,运用面向对象的图像信息自动分析方法,对珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区核心区的水体及冰川信息进行了提取研究。为保证信息提取的准确度,将数字高程模型(DEM)及其衍生数据(坡度、坡向),归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据,及有助于区分水体、冰川与其他地物的相关指数(冰雪指数NDSII)及波段运算结果(b1-b3)、(b3/b4)等,分别作为一个波段叠加到原始图像中,使之成为对目标地物光谱特征的有益补充。并对不同类型的水体及冰川进行多级、多尺度分割,以满足其对分割尺度的不同要求。分割完成后,综合考虑目标地物的光谱特征、纹理特征、空间结构特征,根据各特征指数的直方图信息,设定合适的阈值,建立了各水体及冰川类型信息提取的知识规则,并结合实地调查对信息提取的精度进行验证,改进了ASTER遥感影像自动快速提取极高海拔区水体及冰川信息的实用模型。  相似文献